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Needle ice is a phenomenon that occurs when the temperature of the soil is above and the surface temperature of the air is below . The subterranean liquid water is brought to the surface via capillary action, where it freezes and contributes to a growing needle-like ice column. The ice needles are typically a few centimetres long. While growing, they may lift or push away small soil particles. On sloped surfaces, needle ice may be a factor contributing to soil creep.〔Isbell, D.: ''(Needle Ice on Mt. Osceola )'', EPOD of July 10, 2005. URL last accessed 2007-12-07.〕〔Pidwirny, M.: (''Fundamentals of Physical Geography,'' 2nd ed., section 10(ag), ''Periglacial Processes and Landforms'' ). URL last accessed 2007-12-07.〕 Alternate names for needle ice are "frost pillars" ("Säuleneis" in German), "frost column", "Kammeis" (a German term meaning "comb ice"), "Stängeleis" (another German term referring to the stem-like structures), "shimo bashira" (霜柱 the Japanese term for "ice needles"), or "pipkrake" (from Swedish ''pipa'' (tube) and ''krake'' (weak, fine), coined in 1907 by Henrik Hesselman).〔Lawler, D. M.: "Some observations on needle ice", ''Weather'', vol. 44, pp. 406–409; 1989.〕 The similar phenomena of frost flowers and hair ice can occur on living or dead plants, especially on wood. == See also == * Frost heaving * Frost * Ice spike 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Needle ice」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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